Copper Metallurgy | SpringerLink

The intensified smelting technologies represented by flash smelting and bath smelting have been extensively used. Copper Resources. There have been over …

Flash Smelting | ScienceDirect

Flash Smelting: Analysis, Control and Optimization deals with the analysis, control, and optimization of flash smelting. This book explores flash smelting in general and Outokumpu and Inco flash smelting in particular, and also presents a mathematical description for the flash smelting process. A set of mass and heat balance equations …

Nickel Flash Smelting :: Total Materia Article

A typical flash smelting furnace is shown schematically in Figure 1. The refractory-lined furnace vessel is composed of three sections: reaction shaft, settler and uptake shaft. In the flash smelting process, a sulfidic feed mixture is distributed through the top of the reaction shaft by a concentrate burner, where the correct design is vital ...

Copper Smelting

The International Nickel Company's flash smelting process at Sudbury, Ontario, utilizes commercial oxygen (95 percent O2) to produce a 45-percent copper matte and an SO2 gas consistently over 70 percent concentration. The latter is known as an autogenous (self-smelting) process since no extraneous fuel is used to smelt the …

Copper Smelting and Refining Process | Pan Pacific Copper

The matte produced by the flash smelting furnace is transferred to the Converter furnace. Oxygen-enriched air is blown into the Converter furnace to oxidize the matte further to create blister copper with a grade of approximately 99%. Reaction in the converter. Cu 2 S・FeS + SiO 2 + O 2 → Cu + 2FeO・SiO 2 + SO 2 + Reaction heat.

12.3 Primary Copper Smelting

matte. The Noranda process uses heat generated by the exothermic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide. Additional heat is supplied by oil burners or by coal mixed with the ore concentrates. Figure 12.3-2 illustrates the Noranda process reactor. Flash furnace smelting combines the operations of roasting and smelting to produce a high-

Flash smelting | metallurgy | Britannica

Other articles where flash smelting is discussed: metallurgy: Matte smelting: Flash smelting is a relatively recent development that has found worldwide acceptance. It is an autogenous process, using the oxidation of sulfides in an unroasted charge to supply the heat required to reach reaction temperatures and melt the feed material. The most …

Flash Smelting of Copper | SpringerLink

Abstract: Process control in flash smelting is based on mass and energy balance from which the operational parameters (oxygen coefficient, oxygen enrichment, and flux …

Modelling copper smelting – the flash smelting plant, …

The Flash Smelting technique was developed initially for the copper sulphide concentrates but adopted shortly thereafter for nickel, iron and lead sulphide …

Efficient and safe disposition of arsenic by incorporation in smelting …

During the smelting process, the speciation of arsenic is very complicated. Due to the micro "smelting pool" mechanism of flash smelting, the gas-solid-liquid phases are sufficiently interacted in the smelting shaft. This is also the reason for the high contents of copper and arsenic in flash smelting slag.

Metallurgy

Flash smelting is a relatively recent development that has found worldwide acceptance. It is an autogenous process, using the oxidation of sulfides in an unroasted charge to supply the heat required to reach reaction temperatures and melt the feed material.

Free Full-Text | Copper Flash Smelting Process …

Process control in flash smelting is based on mass and energy balance from which the operational parameters (oxygen coefficient, oxygen enrichment, and flux demand) are obtained to achieve matte and slag …

Dynamic modeling of copper flash smelting process at a

The flash smelting process is widely used throughout the world for copper production, accounting for about 50% of global capacity for primary copper production …

Outotec Flash Smelting Technology

Our proven Flash Smelting technology is the cleanest and most eficient smelting method for the production of copper and nickel from sulfide concentrates. Suitable for both new …

Optimal control strategy of working condition

Copper flash smelting process. The copper flash furnace is the main pyrometallurgical equipment for smelting copper sulphide concentrates. Fig. 1 shows a scale structure of flash furnace composed of reaction shaft, sedimentation tank and gas offtake (Chen et al., 2004).

A novel direct reduction-flash smelting separation process …

A new process (direct reduction and flash smelting separation (FSS)) of treating high phosphorus iron ore (HPIO) is introduced in this paper. By limiting the smelting separation between slag and iron to the level of about 1 s, the reduction and migration process of P element was restrained, and the content of P element in the …

The Copper Flash CC Smelting Process :: Total …

Copper flash smelting is a relatively new process which has been in operation since the 70's and is a pyrometallurgical process used in conjunction with copper sulphide concentrates. The main key facilitators …

Experimental Approach to Matte–Slag Reactions in the Flash Smelting Process

Improving metal–slag separation in pyrometallurgical processes is increasingly important. Due to the harsh conditions, direct observations of the molten phases behavior in the settler of the Outotec Flash Smelting Furnace (FSF) are not possible and the ways to improve metal settling can only be studied by simulation and …

Modelling copper smelting–the flash smelting plant, …

In the 70 year history of the Flash Smelting process for sulphide concentrates [2], significant equipment development was needed in the completely new smelting concept, and specifically the novel smelting furnace (FSF) and its key equipment. Already from beginning, the very low use of external fuel and a superb sulphur fixation were evident.

Comparison of environmental performance of modern copper smelting

Route 1: Flash Smelting (FSF) – Flash Converting (FCF) In the flash (suspension) process, fine particles of dry sulfide concentrate, and flux are injected with oxygen enriched air into the furnace in the form of a turbulent divergent jet. (Bryk et al., 1958). FSF requires dry feed charge, produced in this model with a steam dryer.

Metallurgy

Metallurgy - Roasting, Smelting, Refining: Each of the above processes can be carried out in specialized roasters. The types most commonly in use are fluidized-bed, multiple-hearth, flash, chlorinator, rotary kiln, and sintering machine (or blast roaster). Fluidized-bed roasters (see figure) have found wide acceptance because of their high capacity and …

Prediction of Matte grade in Copper Flash Smelting Process …

Copper flash smelting is the main process method for copper extracting. It is a complex and multi-phase physical and chemical change process with the characteristics of multiple variable, nonlinearity, delayed detection of product quality. Matte grade is a key indicator reflecting the stability of flash furnace smelting conditions, which directly affect the …

Experimental Approach to Matte–Slag Reactions in the Flash Smelting Process

Due to the harsh conditions, direct observations of the molten phases behavior in the settler of the Outotec Flash Smelting Furnace (FSF) are not possible and the ways to improve metal settling can only be studied by simulation and modeling. This study focuses on kinetics and mechanisms of the chemical reactions between matte …

COPPER PRODUCTION WITH OUTOKUMPU …

During the industrial flash smelting process, the slag and flue gas carry 16% and 29% of the heat from the reactions in the furnace, respectively (Kojo and Storch, 2006). If the slag output ...

Copper Metallurgy | SpringerLink

These processes are all in industrial use, but Outotec flash smelting process is used the most extensively and its output accounts for approximately 50% of total output of copper produced pyrometallurgically. Mitsubishi copper smelting, Vanyukov copper smelting, ISA process, Ausmelt process, and oxygen-rich bottom blowing …

Metals | Free Full-Text | Control of Copper Content in Flash Smelting

To determine slag properties and the factors influencing these properties for optimization of operating conditions in the copper flash smelting process, the composition and microstructures of the quenched smelting and converting slags have been analyzed. Thermodynamic software FactSage 8.2 has been used to investigate the effects of …

Flash Smelting Process

Flash Smelting Process. Process Flow Description: Concentrates and other copper bearing material are blended and conveyed from two separate areas of the plant to three 464 ton capacity wet …

Mathematical modelling and numerical optimization of

Key words: flash smelting process; particle heating; mathematical model; high-speed jet; numerical simulation 1 Introduction The flash smelting has been recognized as a highly efficient and environmentally benign process for extracting Cu or Ni metals from their sulfides. In the past decades, the flash furnaces have been widely …

Lead Flash Smelting Process | SpringerLink

The lead flash smelting process is well-adapted to materials, and the lead content in the materials fed into the furnace can be 25% or less. The smelting process is divided into two steps: (1) rapid oxidation desulfurization of materials in the reaction tower by use of industrial pure oxygen (2PbS + 3O 2 2PbO + 2SO 2, finished in 3–5 s, with ...

Flash Smelting Process

The flash smelting process is important in the production of non-ferrous metals from sulfide minerals. A schematic diagram of this process is given in Fig. 7.17. In this …