Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of …
Specific gravity is found as 3.21 which is greater than the specific gravity of conventionally used aggregates as ballast materials. Soundness value is obtained as less than 6%. The natural aggregate ballast used in the current study is obtained from the stock of the Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL), East Coast Railway.
Specific Gravity Calculator | Formula | Definition
Specific gravity (also referred to as relative density) is the ratio of the density of a material compared to the density of water at 4 mat {degree C} 4 °C ( 39.2 mat {degree F} 39.2 °F ). People usually choose that temperature as it is when water is at its densest. The specific gravity equation is: Since the specific gravity ...
Ballast Contamination Mechanisms: A Criterial Review of …
Bearing in mind the common specific gravity values for coal, granite, and clay (0.8–1.3, 2.65–2.75, and 2.3–2.6, respectively), an equal mass of coal, because of its lesser specific gravity, can be contained in twice the volume of either granite or clay . This indicates that the quantity of coal fouling debris required to fill ballast ...
Solids and Metals
The Specific Gravity - SG - is a dimensionless unit defined as the ratio of density of the material to the density of water at a specified temperature. It is common to use the density of water at 4 oC (39 oF) as reference - at this point the density of water is at the highest. Specific gravities - SG - for common solids and metals can be found ...
Physical and Mechanical Evaluation of Ballast …
The study found that at Hongyun Quarry, Specific Gravity was 2.03, Water Absorption was 0.65%, Moisture Content was 0.2%, Flakiness Index was 21%, Elongation Index was …
The role of ballast specific gravity and velocity …
Role of ballast specific gravity in induction of ballast content in aggregated floc. The specific gravity of ballast embedded in the floc structure was the …
NYSDOT Approved Aggregate Sources* for Hot Mix …
Bulk SSD: Specific gravity measured under water saturated, surface dry conditions. Bulk Dry: Specific gravity measured under completely dried conditions. Apparent: Specific gravity not including the volume or mass of any void spaces within the aggregate particles. Absorption (%) Amount of water that can be absorbed by the aggregate. Ballast Rating
Unraveling the role of ballast surface charge at floc growth …
2.1.3. Characteristics of static mixer. Conventionally, the laboratory scale BF studies are performed using jar tests. However, researchers reported that the low agitation (G value ≤ 300 s −1) applied in jar tester is inadequate to attain complete suspension in the case of high SG ballasts (SG ≥ 3.00) [16].The magnetite ballasts (exhibiting high SG: …
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION FOR AGGREGATES
D 6473-10 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Rock for Erosion Control . 1004.03 DEFINITIONS . For the purpose of this specification, the following definitions apply: Clear Stone means a graded aggregate intended for use in drainage, backfill, bedding, and other applications.
M22-01.21 Design Manual Chapter 620 Design of …
Ballast 3,100 1.55 3,900 1.95 Crushed Surfacing Top Course 2,850 1.43 3,700 1.85 Crushed Surfacing Base Course 2,950 1.48 3,700 1.85 ... The specific gravity of the aggregate will affect the weight of aggregate in the completed mix. [2] Quantities shown do not provide for widening, waste from stockpile, or thickened edges.
Research on Railroad Ballast Specification and …
Again, because of the importance of ballast stability, the 1984 Canadian Pacific specification requires a maximum increase in weight of dry aggregate particles after …
The role of ballast specific gravity and velocity gradient in …
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122970 Corpus ID: 219468824; The role of ballast specific gravity and velocity gradient in ballasted flocculation. @article{Qasim2020TheRO, title={The role of ballast specific gravity and velocity gradient in ballasted flocculation.}, author={Muhammad Qasim and Seongjun Park and Jong-Oh Kim}, journal={Journal of …
Unit weight of 10mm, 12mm, 20mm & 40mm coarse aggregate
This means that the weight of 1 cubic meter of 40mm course aggregate is about 1425 kg to 1475 kg (or 1.425 to 1.475 MT). Conclusions:-. The typical unit weight (or density) of coarse aggregate (10mm, 12mm, 20mm & 40mm) is range between 1425 kg/m3 and 1575 kg/m3, or an average of 1500 kg/m3. How much paint do i need for a 1000, 2000, 1200, 1500 ...
Stiffness and damping properties of railway ballast aggregate
Ballast aggregate-Specific gravity: 2.72. Fresh ballast aggregate-Color: Gray-Water absorption: 0.56-Los Angeles abrasion a: 18.5%. Crumb rubber-Specific gravity: 1.10. ... The fresh ballast aggregate was initially subjected to a step-loading procedure (1 through 7 steps) by implementing 40 drops per stage to provide a specimen …
Effect of clay fouling on track drainage capacity of railway Ballast …
The reason for this could be the variation of the void ratio of clean ballast, where the void ratio of ballast utilized in [11] was 0.69 (i.e. dry unit weight = 15.98 kN/m 3 and specific gravity = 2.75), while the void ratio of ballast in the current study was 0.74 which enabled higher drainage capacity.
Railway ballast aggregate characterization through a …
The main findings of these researches indicated that the steel slag for ballast exhibited higher specific gravity, lower particle breakage, higher friction angle, higher …
The role of ballast specific gravity and velocity …
Abstract. This study investigated the concealed interaction between applied velocity gradient (G value) and ballast specific gravity (SG) in ballasted flocculation …
(PDF) Micromechanics-Based Investigation of Fouled Ballast …
mixed with ballast aggregates inside a concrete mixer to ensure test. specimens were consistent. The fouled ballast was then placed in- ... b = specific gravity of ballast; G s: ...
(PDF) Using a seismic survey to measure the shear
The specific gravity of coal generally varies from 1.05 to 1.4 and from 2.5 to 2.8 for ballast and clayey sand. Figure 5b shows a similar variation in the density pattern
Behavior of geogrid-reinforced ballast under various levels …
The apparatus for the direct shear test used in this current study consisted of a 300 × 300 mm 2 square steel box, 195 mm high, divided horizontally into two equal halves. The schematic diagram of this test set up is shown in Fig. 3.The ballast was placed in the bottom half of the shear box and compacted into two layers by a vibratory compactor to a …
SPECIFICATIONS FOR TRACK BALLAST
In order to ensure supply of uniform quality of ballast, the following norms shall be followed in respect of sampling, testing and acceptance: 5.2.1 On supply of the first 100 cum, the tests for Size & Gradation, Abrasion Value, Impact Value and Water Absorption (if prescribed) shall be carried out by Railway.
Investigation of aggregate properties influencing …
Increasing specific gravity was linked to increased long-term ballast aggregate durability. Trap rocks were also found to be more durable than granitoid …
Laboratory Characterization of Coal Dust Fouled Ballast …
Specific Gravity The specific gravity of the coal dust sample was found to be 1.28, which simply meant the density of the coal dust solids was a rather low 79.9 pcf (1.28 g/cm 3) when compared to solid densities of typical soils and aggregates. These results were in accordance with the findings of
Section 02726
density (specific gravity) shall be taken and verified against the AREMA minimum value of 2.6. 2.7 SOUNDNESS AND RESISTANCE TO ABRASION . The soundness and the resistance to abrasion of ballast aggregates shall conform to the requirements set out in the table below. Property Requirement Test Method Testing Remarks Soundness
Coarse Aggregate Specific Gravity – Pavement Interactive
Overview. The coarse aggregate specific gravity test (Figure 1) is used to calculate the specific gravity of a coarse aggregate sample by determining the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. It is similar in nature to the fine aggregate specific gravity test.
Laboratory characterization of coal dust fouled ballast …
Then, ballast aggregates were added coal dust at different percentages by weight and moisture contents to represent coal dust fouling in the field. ... who gave a specific gravity range fo r coal ...
Enhanced ballasted flocculation process using magnetite-based ballast
Additionally, its lower specific gravity compared to other materials like magnetite and hematite allows for easy mixing with coagulant and requires less agitation, making it suitable for applications involving traditional mixing methods. ... Fig. 5 shows mechanism of ballasted floc formation, when PAC and ballast materials are …
Accumulation of mineral ballast on organic aggregates
If this is the case, aggregates should be effective at scavenging suspended mineral particles from seawater. The aggregates in these experiments were quite effective at scavenging suspended ballast material. Five ∼600-μg aggregates removed 90% of the total 100,000 μg of illite inoculated into the 2 L of tank 7 in less than 48 hours .
Railway ballast material selection and evaluation: A …
Ballast is generally defined as a volume of graded crushed rocks, however many other materials have been used or developed to serve as ballast [1].It is typically laid in a compacted layer, generally 250–350 mm thick, as shown in Fig. 1.It has the following …
Density of Cement, Sand and Aggregate, Bulk Density of Aggregate
Absolute Specific Gravity = (Weight of oven-dried aggregate at 100°c for 24 hours) / (Weight of water's volume equal to that of aggregate's solids excluding pores) Essential Points Most of the aggregates possess a relative density within 2.4 – 2.9 with a similar particle density of about 2400-2900 Kg/m 3 ( 150-181 lb/ft 3 ).